We are drawing our study of Deuteronomy to a conclusion. This book composes a series of speeches Moses gave to Israel before they crossed the Jordan River to conquer the Promised Land. While the details of the Law differ from the New Covenant, the principles on which it is based are the same as the Law of Christ. Deuteronomy is cited extensively in the NT. My Greek NT lists 40 quotations of Deuteronomy in the NT which would compel us to study the book to understand how Jesus and the apostles chose to use this book.
Chapter 25 begins with a requirement that if a man deserves to be beaten, he was to be beaten with no more than 40 lashes. The apostle Paul was so beaten on five occasions (2 Cor. 11:24). Israel was to allow their oxen to eat as it threshed, a principle Paul uses to support paying preachers (1 Cor. 9:9; 1 Tim 5:18). A widow’s closest relative is to marry the widow and raise children in the name of her husband so his family does not become extinct (25:5-10), a practice we see followed in Genesis 38 as well as Ruth and Matthew 22:24ff.
Because the family was so important to the national life of Israel, if two men fought and the wife of one grabbed the genitals of the other, her hand was to be cut off (25:11-12). This is, as far as I know, the only occasion where mutilation was allowed in the Law. Business men were to have honest scales (25:13-16) and Amalek was to be wiped out (25:17-19).
When Israel first entered the land, they were to give God their first fruits (26:1-3) as a reminder that God gave them the land; they owed everything to the God of heaven. In offering their first fruit, they were to remind themselves of their history (26:4-9) and what God had given to them. As they offered this first fruit, they were worshiping God and rejoicing in the good that He gave them (26:10-11).
Israel was to provide for the Levite, the stranger, the orphan, and the widow (26:12-14). This tithe was in addition to the regular tithe Israel was to give. The conclusion of this offering was a prayer that God would bless Israel (26:15). But, prayer without obedience was pointless (26:16-17). Israel was to be God’s own people, a “treasured possession” and He would shower them with “praise, fame, and honor” (26:19).
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Then in chapter 27, we have the beginning of curses and blessings that were to be read out to the nation of Israel, to remind them of the importance of obeying the Law. That law was to be written on stones (27:1-8), “very distinctly.” How can we overemphasize the importance of staying close to the commandments of God?
On the mountain of Gerizim, six tribes would read out the blessings and on the mountain of Ebal, six tribes were to read out the curses found in chapters 27 & 28. At the end of each “curse” detailed in 27:15-26, the congregation itself was to commit itself to obedience by verbally saying, “Amen!” If Israel did not “confirm” the words of the law, fulfilling them in obedience, they would be cursed (27:26). This verse is the OT counterpart to Paul’s statement in Romans 6:23: “The wages of sin is death.”
The apostle Paul quotes this last verse in Galatians 3:10 as he discusses the point that the Law cursed; it did not save. In other words, there is no “but the free gift of God is eternal life in Christ Jesus” (Rom 6:23) in the Law. That’s why the Jews, and Gentiles, need Christ.
Israel was to provide for the Levite, the stranger, the orphan, and the widow
